| ICAO |
International Civil Aviation Organisation. The main body making recommendations
for travel document standards. |
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| Identification |
1:N, one-to-many, recognition. The process of determining a person's identity by
performing matches against multiple biometric templates. |
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| Identity (ID) cards |
Cards which may use photographs, chips, magnetic stripes or barcodes to prove the
identity of the bearer. |
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| Identity theft |
The use of personal information in order to impersonate someone for illegal
purposes. |
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| Intranet |
A computer network, based on Internet technology, that an organisation uses for
its own internal purposes that is closed to outsiders. |
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| LaserCards |
LaserCards can hold more than 4 megabytes of information. Essentially, they are
reinforced, credit card-shaped CDs, using optical recording to store vast amounts of
information. |
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| Matching |
The comparison of biometric templates to determine their degree of similarity or
correlation. |
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| Minutiae points |
Local ridge characteristics that occur at either a ridge bifurcation or a ridge
ending. |
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| RFID |
Radio Frequency Identification. A wireless technology used with Smart cards and
tags. |
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| Risk management |
The process of identifying, controlling, minimising or eliminating the effects of
uncertain events. |
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| RSA |
An asymmetrical cryptographic algorithm named after its inventors, Rivest, Shamir
and Adleman. |
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| Score |
A number indicating the degree of similarity or correlation of a biometric match.
Traditional authentication methods, passwords, PINs, keys and tokens, are binary, offering a yes/no
response. Biometric systems, however, are based on matching algorithms that generate a score
subsequent to match attempt. This score represents the degree of correlation between the
verification template and the enrolment template. |
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| Secure |
document A document that could be a target for fraud due to its monetary or
personal value, such as cheques, academic transcripts, certificates, prescription pads, birth
certificates, vehicle registration documents and legal documents. |
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| Security paper |
Paper that contains special features, such as dyes, florescent fibres, and
watermarks, used on checks and other security sensitive documents. |
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| Single error rates |
These state the likelihood of an error, (false match, false non-match or failure
to enrol), for a single comparison of two biometric templates. |
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| Smart card |
An electronic badge that includes a magnetic strip and/or chip that can record and
replay a set key. Usually the size of a credit card or Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) as
fitted in a mobile phone. |
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| Smart labels |
Labels containing electronic devices that have read/write memory used to store and
access information. The electronic device is a radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder or
tag. The RFID technology, like bar codes, is used to automatically capture data. It is different
from a bar code in that it can hold much more data, it can be reprogrammed, and its data is
accessed by a reader but it does not need optical contact with the reader to be read. |
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| Submission |
The process whereby a user provides behavioural or physiological data in the form
of biometric samples to a biometric system. |
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| SuperUser |
A user with full and unrestricted access to all aspects and resources of a
system. |
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| Synchronous multimodality |
The use of multiple biometric technologies in a single authentification process,
perhaps using face and voice simultaneously. |
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| Tamperproof |
When an item, such as an envelope, label or container seal, cannot be opened or
removed, without destroying it, making it impossible to return it to its original state. |
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| TCP/IP |
A synonym for 'Internet Protocol Suite', in which the 'Transmission Control
Protocol' and 'Internet Protocol' are important elements. |
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| Template |
A mathematical representation of biometric data. A template can vary form a few
bytes to several thousand bytes. When the template that stores the fingerprint's algorithm is very
small, say 52 bytes, then opportunities arise to store other personal data at an economic cost.
Furthermore, when the template is stored on the card rather than in the reader, its usefulness in
large or dispersed multi-user sites increases. |
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| Threshold |
A predefined number, often controlled by a biometric systems administrator that
establishes the degree of correlation acceptable for a comparison to be deemed a match. |
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| Verification |
1:1, matching, authentification. The process of establishing the validity of a
claimed identity by comparing a verification template to an enrolment template. |
